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Bromine (Br2)

Bromine (Br2)

Comprehensive Overview of Bromine (Br2)

Comprehensive Overview of Bromine (Br2)

Bromine (Br2) is a highly reactive halogen and a powerful oxidizing agent, especially in the presence of water. It finds extensive use in various industries, including flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Here’s a detailed overview of bromine, including its properties, applications, and handling precautions.

Formula: Br2

Chemical Properties

CAS Number: 7726-95-6

Chemical Properties

Appearance: Heavy red-brown

Chemical Properties

Melting Point: -7.3 °C

Chemical Properties

Boiling Point: 58.8 °C

Chemical Properties

Evaporation Rate: High (ether = 1)

Chemical Properties

Oxidizing Properties: Strong oxidizer

Chemical Properties

Partition Coefficient: LogP – 1.3 (estimated)

Chemical Properties

Solubility in Water: 3.5 g/100ml at 20°C

Chemical Properties

Vapor Density: 5.5 (air = 1)

Chemical Properties

Vapor Pressure: 175 mmHg at 20°Cg Point: 58.8 °C

Chemical Properties

Bromine Assay: Minimum 99.8%

Specifications

Iodine (ppm): Maximum 1

Specifications

Chlorine (ppm): Maximum 60

Specifications

Heavy Metals (as Pb) ppm: Maximum 1

Specifications

Residue after Evaporation (ppm): Maximum 30

Specifications

Specific Gravity at 20°C: Minimum 31.2

Specifications

Sulfur Compounds as SO4 (ppm): Maximum 10

Specifications

Moisture (ppm): Maximum 30

Specifications

Total Organic Matter as Carbon (ppm): Maximum 30

Specifications

Iron (Fe) ppm: Maximum 1

Specifications

Packaging

Packaging

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Isotanks

Lead-lined steel portable tanks are commonly used for transporting liquid bromine.

Applications

Applications

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Flame Retardants

 Bromine is extensively used in the production of brominated flame retardants, which are added to materials to inhibit the spread of fire.
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Pharmaceuticals

It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals.
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Agriculture

Used in the production of pesticides and fungicides.
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Industrial Processes

Bromine reacts with a wide range of organic compounds, making it valuable in chemical manufacturing.
Handling Instructions
1.Ensure proper ventilation in storage areas. 2.Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. 3. In case of contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention.
Regulatory Information
1. Bromine is subject to various regulatory guidelines due to its hazardous nature. Full compliance with safety regulations and guidelines is necessary for handling and storage.

Toxicity and Safety

Toxicity and Safety

Corrosiveness
Bromine is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Direct contact with liquid or concentrated vapors can cause severe burns.
Health Risks
Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis, contact dermatitis, and allergic dermatitis.
Handling Precautions
1.Store in a dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials. 2.Prefer outside shaded or detached storage areas. 3.Containers should be stored upright and clearly labeled. 4.Suitable containers include glass, ceramic, nickel, lead, and highly fluorinated plastics (PVDF).

Uses of Bromine (Br2) in Pharmaceutical Industry

Uses of Bromine (Br2) in Pharmaceutical Industry

  • Used in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
  • Intermediate in the production of sedatives, antihistamines, and analgesics.
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